A Selection of diagnostic hypotheses purporting to explain Mozart’s terminal illness
The listing uses the categories of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death of the World Health Organization . Geneva (Switzerland) WHO; 1992.
Abbreviations: BD: Mozart: Mozart: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen: Gesamtausgabe. 7 Vol. Bauer WA, Deutsch OE, and Eibl JH, eds. Kassel (Germany): Bärenreiter-Verla ; 1962-75.
ICD Diagnosis
Code
3. A18.1 Renal tuberculous[v]
4. A18.3 Tuberculosis of peritoneum [vi]
5. A19.0 Acute miliary tuberculosis [vii]
7. A39.4 Meningococcemia [x]
8. A40 Streptococcal septicemia [xi]
9. A41.9 Unspecified septicemia [xii]
10. A48.3 Toxic shock syndrome[xiii]
11. A49.0 Staphylococcal infection[xiv]
12. A49.1 Streptococcal infection[xv]
13. A52.1 Late syphilis: tabes dorsalis[xvi]
14. A53.9 Syphilis[xvii]
15. A75 Endemic typhus[xviii]
16. A79.9 Rickettsiosis, unspecified[xix]
17. A86 Encephalitis, unspecified[xx]
18. A98.5 Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome[xxi]
19. B05 Measles[xxii]
20. B54 Malaria[xxiii]
21. B75 Trichinosis[xxiv]
22 B99 Acute unspecified infectious disease[xxv]
23. C85.9 Lymphoma [xxvi]
24 C95 Leukemia unspecified[xxvii]
25. D62 Posthemorrhagic anemia[xxviii]
26. D69.0 Henoch-Schönlein purpura[xxix] [xxx]
27 D69.3 Idiopathic thrombocytic purpura[xxxi]
28. D86 Sarcoidosis[xxxii]
29. E05 Hyperthyroidism[xxxiii]
30. E05.5 Thyroid crisis or storm[xxxiv]
31. E46 Malnutrition[xxxv]
32. E56.9 Vitamin deficiency, unspecified[xxxvi]
33. E65.9 Obesity, unspecified[xxxvii]
34. E80.2 Acute intermittent porphyria[xxxviii]
35. E85.3 Amyloidosis[xxxix]
36. E87.8 Electrolyte and fluid disorder[xl]
37. E87.8, F10.1 Alcohol abuse[xli]
38 F43.2 ✻ Adjustment disorder[xlii]
39. G03.9 Meningitis unspecified[xliii]
40. G04.8 Rheumatic fever encephalitis[xliv]
41. G05.1 Rheumatic encephalitis[xlv]
42. G81.9 Hemiplegia[xlvi]
43. G93.5 Herniation of the brain[xlvii]
44. I00 Rheumatic fever[xlviii]
45. I01.2 Acute rheumatic myocarditis[xlix]
46. I05-I08 Chronic rheumatic heart disease[l]
47. I05.0 Mitral stenosis[li]
48. I05.1 Mitral valve insufficiency[lii]
49. I06.0 Aortic stenosis[liii]
50. 109.1 Rheumatic disease of the endocardium[liv]
51. I11 Hypertensive heart disease[lv]
52. I13 Hypertensive heart & renal disease[lvi]
53. I26 Pulmonary embolism[lvii]
54. I32 Rheumatic pericarditis[lviii]
55. I33.0 Bacterial endocarditis[lix]
56. I40.0 Toxic myocarditis[lx]
57. I48 Atrial fibrillation[lxi]
58. I50 Congestive heart failure[lxii]
59. I60.7 Ruptured cerebral aneurysm[lxiii]
60. I61 Intracerebral hemorrhage[lxiv]
61. I63.1 Cerebral embolism[lxv]
62. I64 Stroke[lxvi]
63. I67.4 Hypertensive encephalopathy[lxvii]
64. 177.8 Mycotic (or infected) aneurysm[lxviii]
65. I80.9 Thrombophlebitis[lxix]
66. J10 Influenza[lxx]
67. J15.2 Staphylococcal bronchopneumonia[lxxi]
68. J15.3 Streptococcal bronchopneumonia[lxxii]
69. J18 Bronchopneumonia[lxxiii]
70. J91 Pleural effusion[lxxiv]
71. K25, F43.8 Gastric stress-ulcers[lxxv]
72. K.65.0 Acute peritonitis[lxxvi]
73. K.72 Hepatic encephalopathy[lxxvii]
74. K74 Non-alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver[lxxviii]
75. K86 Chronic pancreatitis[lxxix]
76. K90.8 Whipple’s disease[lxxx]
77. K92.0 Hematemesis[lxxxi]
78. L01 Impetigo[lxxxii]
79. LO8.0 Bacterial skin infection[lxxxiii]
80. L27.0 Dermatitis due to medicaments[lxxxiv]
81. L74.3 Prickly heat[lxxxv]
82. M02.3 Reiter’s disease[lxxxvi]
83. M02.8 Arthropathy associated with infectious disease[lxxxvii]
84. M06.1 Still’s disease[lxxxviii]
85. M08.0 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis[lxxxix]
86. M30.0 Periarteritis nodosa[xc]
87. M31.0 Goodpasture syndrome[xci]
88. M31.3 Wegener’s granulomatosis[xcii]
89. M32.9 Systemic lupus erythematosus[xciii]
90. M35.2 Behcet’s syndrome[xciv]
91. M35.9 Autoimmune disease[xcv]
92. N00, B95.0 Post-infectious glomerulonephritis[xcvi]
93. N01 Subacute glomerulonephritis[xcvii]
94. N04 Nephrotic syndrome[xcviii]
95. N11 Chronic pyelonephritis[xcix]
96. N13 Obstructive uropathy[c]
97. N13.6 Pyonephrosis[ci]
98. N17, N18 Renal failure[cii]
99. N18.8, I32.8 Pericarditis uremic[ciii]
100. N19 Renal failure with uremia[civ]
101. N20 Calculus of kidney[cv]
102. N25.0 Renal osteodystrophy[cvi]
103. N26 Renal sclerosis, unspecified[cvii]
104. N28.0 Renal artery embolism[cviii]
105. Q61.3 Polycystic kidney disease[cix]
106. R18 Ascites[cx]
107. R40.2 Coma[cxi]
108. R50, R21 Fever of unknown origin, rash[cxii]
109. R56.8 Unspecified convulsions[cxiii]
110. R57.1, T81.9 Hypovolemic shock due to bloodletting[cxiv]
111. R57.9 Toxic shock[cxv]
112. R60 Anasarca [cxvi]
113. R64 Cachexia[cxvii]
114. S02.0 &1 Temporo-parietal fracture of skull[cxviii]
115. S06.4 Epidural hemorrhage[cxix]
116. S06.5 Subdural hemorrhage[cxx]
117. S06.6 Subarachnoid hemorrhage[cxxi]
118. 747.3 Accidental poisoning by saline laxatives[cxxii]
119. T47.7 Accidental poisoning by emetics[cxxiii]
120. T14.8 Injuries of unspecified body regions[cxxiv]
121. T56.0 Toxic effect of lead & its compounds[cxxv]
122. T56.1 Toxic effects of mercury compounds[cxxvi]
123. T56.8 Toxic effects of antimony compounds[cxxvii]
124. T57.0 Toxic effects of arsenic compounds[cxxviii]
125. T64 Food contamination by mycotoxins[cxxix] [cxxx]
126. T88.7 Adverse effect of drug & medicament[cxxxi]
127. T90.2, 5 Late effects of intracranial injury[cxxxii]
128. X49 Accidental poisoning by and exposure to unspecified checals[cxxxiii]
129. X.84 Suicide[cxxxiv]
130. X69 Intentional self-poisoning[cxxxv] 131. X90 Homicidal poisoning[cxxxvi]
132. Y00, Y07.2 Assault by blunt object, by acquaintance[cxxxvii]
133. Y09 Assault by unspecified means [cxxxviii]
134. Y62.6,T80.2 Failure of sterile precautions during bloodlettings[cxxxix]
135. Y66 Nonadministration of medical care[cxl]
136. Z56.3 Mental strain due to stressful work schedule[cxli]
137. Z60.4 Alienation[cxlii] 138. Z60.5 Target of perceived adverse discrimination or persecution [cxliii]
139. Z65.3 Problems related to prosecution[cxliv]
140. Z73.0 Burnout[cxlv]
Some additional diseases or abnormal findings related to Mozart
The listing uses the categories of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death of the World Health Organization. Geneva (Switzerland) WHO ; 1992, and when marked with an asterisk, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders. Fourth Edition. International Version. Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Association; 1995.
1. A00. Cholera[cxlvi]
2. A01 Typhoid fever[cxlvii]
3. A36 Diphtheria[cxlviii]
4. A04, A08 Summer diarrhea, Toxic gastroenteritis[cxlix]
5. A68 Relapsing fever[cl]
6. A38 Scarlatina[cli]
7. A95 Yellow fever [clii]
8. B03 Smallpox[cliii]
9. B19 Acute hepatitis[cliv]
10. B27 Infectious mononucleosis[clv]
11. E03.9 Unspecified hypothyroidism[clvi]
12. E52 Pellagra[clvii]
13. E64.3 Infantile rickets, rachitism[clviii]
14. F06; I50.0 Psychotic disorder due to a cardiovascular condition[clix]
15. F23.8* Paranoid delusions[clx]
16. F32.9* Depressive disorder[clxi] [clxii]
17. F34.0* Cyclothymia[clxiii]
18. F39* Melancholic features[clxiv]
19. F41.0* Panic attack[clxv]
20. F41.1* Anxiety disorder[clxvi]
21. F42* Obsessive-compulsive disorder[clxvii]
22. F44 Dissociative disorder[clxviii]
23. F45.2*¨ Body dysmorphic disorder[clxix]
24. F52.2*, F52.3* Sexual arousal disorder[clxx]
25. F60.1 Schizoid personality disorder[clxxi]
26. F60.7* Dependent personality disorder[clxxii]
27. F60.8 Immature personality disorder[clxxiii]
28. F60.9* Passive-aggressive personality[clxxiv]
29. F63.0* Pathological gambling[clxxv]
30 F66.1 Egodystonic sexual orientation[clxxvi]
31. F80.2* ,R48 Musical dysphasia[clxxvii]
32 F84.5 Asperger’s syndrome[clxxviii]
33. F90.9* Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder[clxxix]
34. F95.1* Tics[clxxx]
35. F95.2* Gilles de la Tourette’s disorder[clxxxi]
36. G40 .9 Epilepsy[clxxxii]
37. G47.0 Insomnias[clxxxiii]
38. G91.9 Hydrocephalus[clxxxiv]
39. H02.1 Ectropion of eyelid[clxxxv]
40. H05.4 Exophtalmos[clxxxvi]
41. H17.1 Corneal scar[clxxxvii]
42. H50.0 Strabismus[clxxxviii]
43. H52.0 Hypermetropia[clxxxix]
44. H52.1 Myopia[cxc]
45. H83.0 Labyrintitis[cxci]
46. H91.9 Deafness of the left ear[cxcii]
47. I63.1 Cerebral embolism due to cardiac sources[cxciii]
48. J00. Common cold, acute nasopharyngitis[cxciv]
49. J02. Acute pharyngitis, sore throat[cxcv]
50. J02. 0. Streptococcal sore throat[cxcvi]
51. J03. Acute tonsillitis [cxcvii]
52. J04. Acute laryngitis and tracheitis[cxcviii]
53. J06. Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified site[cxcix]
54. J18.0 Bronchopneumonia[cc]
55. J40. Acute bronchitis[cci]
56. K04.0 Pulpitis[ccii]
57. K04.5 Chronic apical periodontitis[cciii]
58. K04.6 Gingival fistula [cciv]
59. K05.1 Chronic gingivitis[ccv]
60. K05.2 Gingival abscess[ccvi]
61. K08.8 Toothache[ccvii]
62. K26.3 Perforated duodenal ulcer[ccviii]
63. K59.1 Functional diarrhea[ccix]
64. K80.2 Biliary colic[ccx]
65. K85 Pancreatitis [ccxi]
66. L51.1 Stevens-Johnson syndrome[ccxii]
67. L52 Erythema nodosum[ccxiii]
68. M25.5 Arthralgias[ccxiv]
69. N23 Renal colic [ccxv]
70. Q17.8 Mozart ear [ccxvi]
71. Q87.0 Trigonocephaly[ccxvii]
72. R10.4 Intestinal colic [ccxviii]
73. R11 Nausea and vomiting[ccxix]
74. R25.1 Tremor[ccxx]
75. R29.0 Rachitic tetany[ccxxi]
76. R43.2 Parageusia[ccxxii]
77. R44.0* Auditory hallucination[ccxxiii]
78. R44.1* Visual hallucinations. Capgras syndrome[ccxxiv]
79. R44.8* Visual delusions[ccxxv]
80. R46.3 Overactivity[ccxxvi]
81. R51 Headache [ccxxvii]
82. R53 Exhaustion[ccxxviii]
83. R55 Swooning fits[ccxxix]
84. T33 Frostbite[ccxxx]
85. L.53.0, T56.1 Infantile acrodynia[ccxxxi]
86. Z60.4* Anomie, social isolation[ccxxxii]
87. Z63.8* Parent-child relational problem[ccxxxiii]
88. Z62.6* Inappropriate parental pressure and other abnormal qualities of upbringing[ccxxxiv]
[ccxxxv]Mental disorders: #14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 77, 78, 79, 80, 86, 87, 88.
Bibliography
[i] Bursy K. Tagebucheintrag; 1816, In: Bär C. Mozart. Krankheit Tod Begräbnis. Salzburg (Austria): Bärenreiter;1972: 59.
[ii] Neukomm S. Allerlei. Aus Französischen Blättern. Berliner Allgemeine Musikzeitung. 12 Mai, n°20, 1826:172.
[iii] Sigerist HE. On the Sociology of Medicine. New York (NY): MD Publications;1960
[iv] James I. Doctors killed Mozart.Ir Med Times.1991; 25: 23.
[v] Wheater M. Mozart’s last illness–a medical diagnosis. J R Soc Med. 1993; 83 (8): 586-588.
[vi] Wheater M. op cit No 5.
[vii] Decsey E. Der Arzt auf Seitenwegen. Med Mitteilungen. 1931; 3 (2): 48-50.
[viii] Kubba AK & Young M. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: a case report. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1996; 41 (August): 290.
[ix] Franken FH. Krankheit und Tod Mozarts. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1991;116 (22): 870-873.
[x] Rentchnik P. Pathographies (113) Mozart. Médecine et Hygiène. 1991; 322-330.
[xi] Shapiro S. Medical History of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968; 47 (1): 17-20.
[xii] Barthelme E. Sur la fièvre miliaire ardente. A propos de la mort de Mozart. Histoire des Sciences Médicales. 1983; 17: 23-28.
[xiii] Neumayr A. Musik & Medizin. Am Beispiel des Wiener Klassik. 5 Auflage. Wien (Austria): J & V Edition; 1992.
[xiv] Jenkins JS. Mozart’s last months and controversial death. J Med Biogr. 1994; 2 (6): 185-86.
[xv] Jenkins JS. op cit No 14
[xvi] Davies PJ. Mozart in Person, his Character and Health. New York (NY): Greenwood Press; 1989
[xvii] Heine EW. Wer ermordete Mozart? Wer enthauptete Haydn? Mordgeschichten für Musikfreunde. Zürich (Switzerland): Diogenes Verlag, 1984
[xviii] Gehring F. Mozart. London (England): Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington; 1883.
[xix] Ferrari G. Controversie sulla morte di Wofgang Amadeus Mozart. In: Ferrari G & Ruffini M, eds. Sig.r Amadeo Wofgango Mozarte. Venezia (Italy): Marsilio; 2007.
[xx] Nohl L. Mozart’s Leben. Für die Gebildeten aller Stände erzählt. Leipzig (Germany): Ernst Julius Günther; 1877
[xxi] Kopterides P. Alternative explanation. Ann Int Med. eLetter. 2009; September 8
[xxii] Franken FH op cit No 9.
[xxiii] Rentchnik P. op cit No 10.
[xxiv] Davis In Wheater, M. Mozart’s health and final illness. Dalhousie Review .1993; 3 (2): 213-223.
[xxv] Franken FH. Mozart’s Todeskrankheit. Fortschr. Med. 1980; 98: 301-302.
[xxvi] Wheater M. op cit No 5.
[xxvii] Wheater M. op cit No 5.
[xxviii] Bär C. Mozart. Krankheit –Tod – Begräbnis. 2d ed. Salzburg (Austria): Bärenreiter; 1972.
[xxix] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[xxx] Karhausen L.Mozart’s last illness. J R Soc Med. 1991; 84 (5): 323.
[xxxi] Kumar PD Did Mozart die of TTP ? Ann. Int Med. eLetter, 2009 (sept 14).
[xxxii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16
[xxxiii] Koopman J. Mozart en zijn geneeskundingen. Ned Tijdschr voor Geneesk. 1925; 69 (1): 35-43.
[xxxiv] Sederholm, C.G. Ist Mozart an Morbus Basedow gestorben ? Ciba Symposium. 1959; 7 (5): 224-228.
[xxxv] Davenport M. Mozart. New York (NY): Barnes & Noble,1932.
[xxxvi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[xxxvii] Autexier PA. Mozart. Paris (France): Champion; 1987.
[xxxviii] Roe C. Quaint little Wolfgang. Med J Austral. 1971; 11(December 25): 1317-1322
[xxxix] Ehrlich GE. New thoughts on Mozart’s terminal illness. Dalhousie Review. 1993; 3 (2): 241-245.
[xl] Drake ME. Mozart’s chronic subdural hematoma. Neurol. 1993; 43 (11): 2400-2403.
[xli] Simkin, B. Mozart’s scatological disorder. B M J. 1992 ; 305 (19-26 December) : 1563-1567.
[xlii] Bett WR. Wofgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791). A puzzling case-history. The Medical Press. 1956; 235 (January 25): 90.
[xliii] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[xliv] Neumayr A. op cit No 13
[xlv] Dalchow J, Duda G, and Kerner D. W.A.Mozart. Die Dokumentation seines Todes. Pähl (Germany) Franz von Bebenburg Verlag; 1966.
[xlvi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[xlvii] Drake ME. MozDart’s subdural hematoma. Neurol. 1994; 44 (12): 2418.
[xlviii] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[xlix] Neumayr A, op cit No 13.
[l] Bokay J. Mozart halálának oka. Orvosi Hetilap. 1906; 3: 233-234.
[li] Roe C. op cit No 38.
[lii] Koopman J. op cit No 33.
[liii] Boissevain W. Neue Erklärung der Todesursache Mozarts: “Hitziges Frieselfieber” war bakterielle Herzklappenentzündung. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum. 1990; 38 (1-4): 139-144.
[liv] Szametz R. Hat Mozart eine Psychose durchgemacht? Inaugural Dissertation. Ochsenfurt am Main (Germany): Buchdruckerei Fritz & Rappert. 1936.
[lv] Greither A. Mozart und die Ärzte, seine Krankheiten und sein Tod. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1956; 81 (4): 121-124.
[lvi] Greither A. Mozart und die Ärtzte, seine Krankheiten und sein Tod. Dtsch Med Wochenschr.1956; 81 (5): 165-169.
[lvii] Anderson RN. Mozart’s death—The case for complications of rheumatic heart disease. Dalhousie Review. 1993; 73 :235-240.
[lviii] Boissevain W. Mozarts Doodoorzaak, in: Passchier J and Peddemors A, eds. Mozart aspecten van zijn leven en werk. Kampen (Netherlands): Kok Lyra uitgeverij; 1994.
[lix] Bokay J. op cit No 50.
[lx] Franken FH. op cit No 25.
[lxi] Cheng TO. Mozart’s subdural hematoma. Neurol. 1994; 44 (12): 2417.
[lxii] Winkler, O. Paralipomena zu Mozarts Tod und Todenfeiern. Acta mozartiana 36: 7-12, 1989.
[lxiii] Rappoport AE. Mozart’s primary disease and cause of death: a multiple congenital malformation syndrome based on a genetic, clinical and pathological study. XVIth International Congress of the International Academy of Pathology and 7th World Congress of Academic and Environmental Pathology. International Academy of Pathology. Vienna (Austria). August 31st—September 5th, 1986.
[lxiv] Juhn, B. Mozarts Leiden und Sterben. Ciba Symposium 3: 191-194, 1955-56
[lxv] Werner AJ. Mozart und die Medizin. Seine Ärtzte, seine Krankheiten, sein Tod. In: Czobaldi P, ed. Wolfgang Amadeus. Summa summorum. Das Phänomenon Mozart: Leben, Werk, Wirkung. Wien (Austria): Paul Nettl Verlag; 1990: 101-118.
[lxvi] Keynes M. The personality and illnesses of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. J Med Biogr. 1994; 2 (4): 217-232.
[lxvii] O’Shea J. Music and Medicine. Medical Profiles of great Composers. London (England): J.M. Dent & Sons; 1990.
[lxviii] Werner AJ. Op cit No 65.
[lxix] Anderson R.N. op cit No 57.
[lxx] Weizman, E. Wurde Mozart vergiftet? Arbeiter-Zeitung, Wien.9, April 1957
[lxxi] O’Shea J. op cit No 67
[lxxii] Bourke GJ. Mozart (1756-91): his illness and death. Ir Med J. 19912/1992; 84 (4): 112-113
[lxxiii] Wheater, M. Death of Mozart, J R Soc Med. 1991; 84 (3): 179.
[lxxiv] Bokay J. op cit No 50.
[lxxv] Werner AJ. Mozart und die Medizin. Seine Ärzte, seine Krankheiten, sein Tod. In: P. Csobádi P., ed. Wolfgang Amadeus. Summa summarum. Das Phänomen Mozart: Leben, Werk, Wirkung. Wien (Austria) : Paul Neff Verla ; 1990
[lxxvi] Boissevain W. op cit No 58.
[lxxvii] Wheater, M. op cit No 5 & 73.
[lxxviii] Wheater, M. op cit No 5 & 73.
[lxxix] König-Arolsen. In: Lange-Eichbaum W and Kurth W. Genie, Irrsinn und Ruhm. Band 2. Die Komponisten. München (Germany): Ernst Reinhardt Verlag; 1986.
[lxxx] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[lxxxi] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[lxxxii] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[lxxxiii] Boissevain W. op cit No 58.
[lxxxiv] Ludewig R. Meinungsstreit über die Ursache des Todes von W.A.Mozart . Ann Univ Sarav Med. Supplement 8. Saarbrücken (Germany): Universität des Saarlandes; 1992.
[lxxxv] Nissen GN. Biographie W.A. Mozarts. Leipzig (Germany): Georg Olms Verlag; 1828.
[lxxxvi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[lxxxvii] Franken FH. op cit No 9.
[lxxxviii] Ehrlich GE. Op cit No 39.
[lxxxix] Ehrlich GE. op cit No 88.
[xc] Treves R. Treves R. Mozart’s death. Ann Rheum. Dis. 1991; 50 (12): 963-964.
[xci] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[xcii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[xciii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[xciv] Ehrlich GE. op cit No 39.
[xcv] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[xcvi] Greither A. op cit No 55 & 56.
[xcvii] Briellmann A. Mozarts Krankheiten. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum. 1992; 40: 23-27.
[xcviii] Guillery EN. Did Mozart die of kidney disease ? A review from the bicentennial of his death. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992; 2 (12): 1671-1676.
[xcix] Barraud J. A quelle maladie a succombé Mozart? La Chronique Médicale. 1905; 12 (22): 737-744.
[c] Rappoport AE. Op cit No 63.
[ci] Clein GP. Mozart. A study in renal Pathology. Kings College Hospital Gazette. 1959; 41: 37-45.
[cii] Böhme G. Medizinische Porträts berühmter Komponisten. Frankfurt am Mein (Germany): S. Fischer Verlag; 1981.
[ciii] Greither A. op cit No 55 & 56.
[civ] Greither A. op cit No 55 & 56.
[cv] Greither A. op cit No 55 & 56.
[cvi] Minuth W. Mozarts Rachitis und deren schwere Folgen. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum. 1963; 11 (1-3): 18-26.
[cvii] Barraud J. op cit No 99.
[cviii] Werner AJ. op cit No 75.
[cix] Clein GP. op cit No 39. Mozart.
[cx] Holz H. Mozarts Krankheiten und sein Tod. Inaugural Dissertation Jena Leipzig (Germany): Metzger und Wittig; 1938
[cxi] Nissen GN. Op cit No 85.
[cxii] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[cxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[cxiv] Katner W. Woran ist Mozart gestorben? Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum. 1970; 18 (3-4):1-4.
[cxv] Neumayr A. op cit No 13.
[cxvi] Kerner, D. Eine unnbekannte Erwiderung auf Carpanis Verteidung Salieris. Aus dem Nachlass von Mozarts Sohn. Acta mozartiana. 1967 ; 14: 31-33.
[cxvii] Nissen GN. op cit No 85.
[cxviii] Puech B, Puech PF, Dhellemmes P, Lepoutre F and Tichy G. Did Mozart have a chronic extradural hæmatoma? Brit J Accid Surgery. 1989; 20 (6):327-330.
[cxix] Puech, B et al. op cit No 118.
[cxx] Drake ME. op cit No 40.
[cxxi] Rappoport AE. op cit No 63.
[cxxii] Bastian T. Mozarts Tod. Starb Mozart wegen Laxatierenabusus ? Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung. 1990; 130 (51-52): 2777-2780.
[cxxiii] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[cxxiv] Taboga G. L’assasinio di Mozart. Pisa: Akademos; 1997.
[cxxv] Schuler M. Trank Mozart vergifteten Wein? Es war schon ein guter Geschäft, Nahrungsmittel zu verfälschen. Die Zeit. 1986; 29 August.
[cxxvi] Kerner D. Mozart als Patient. Scweizer Med Wochenschr. 1956; 86(47): 1343-1346.
[cxxvii] James I. Pharmacology of Mozart's death (abstract). Br Assoc Performing Arts Med. 1991; October 8.
[cxxviii] Ludewig R. op cit No 84.
[cxxix] Schoental R. Mozart’s illness and death. J R Soc Med. 1983; 76 (12): 1079-1080.
[cxxx] Schoental R. Mozart’s illness and death. J R Soc Med. 1984; 77 (2): 157.
[cxxxi] Ludewig R. op cit No 84.
[cxxxii] Puech B et al. op cit No 118.
[cxxxiii] Schuler M. op cit No 125.
[cxxxiv] Schneider HH. HNA. 1989; (30; 10), N° 253. In: Duda G. W.A. Mozart “Den Göttern gegeben”. Ein ‘Bauopfertod/ Pähl / Oberbayern, Germany: Verlag Hohe Warte GmbH; 1994.
[cxxxv] Casini C. Amadeus. Vita di Mozart. Milano (Italy): Rusconi, 1990.
[cxxxvi] Kerner D. Mozarts Todeskankheit zum 170. Todestag des Meisters am 5. Dezember 1961. Berlin-Mainz (Germany): Mainzer Verlaganstalt une Druckerei Will und Rothe KG auf Veranlassung des Internationalen Musiker-Brief-Archivs Berlin.; 1961
[cxxxvii] Taboga G. op cit No 124.
[cxxxviii] Kerner D. op cit No 136.
[cxxxix] Boissevain W. op cit No 58.
[cxl] Autexier PA. Les œuvres témoins de Mozart. Paris (France): Éditions Alphonse Leduc; 1982.
[cxli] Autexier PA. op cit No 140.
[cxlii] Elias N. Mozart, Portrait of a Genius. Cambridge (England): Polity Press; 1993.
[cxliii] Niemetschek F. Ich kannte Mozart. Leben des K.K. Kapellmeisters Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart nach Originalquellen beschrieben. Perfahl J, ed. 4. Auflage. Wien (Austria): Wiener Verlag; 1991.
[cxliv] Brauneis W. Brauneis W. Unveröffentliche Nachrichten zum Dezember 1791 aus einer Wiener Lokalzeitung. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum. 1991; 39 (1-4): 165-168.
[cxlv] Elias N. op cit No 142.
[cxlvi] Jahn O. W.A.Mozart . 4 vol. Leipzig (Germany): Breitkopf und Härtel; 1856, 1858, 1859.
[cxlvii] Katner W. op cit No 114.
[cxlviii] Werner AJ. op cit No 69.
[cxlix] Neumayr A. op cit No 13.
[cl] Karhausen LR. Mozart’s severe illness after his return from Italy. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum 1999; 47 (3-4):44-48.
[cli] Holz H. op cit No 110.
[clii] Karhausen LR op cit No 150.
[cliii] BD 121, 10-11-67; BD 122, 29-11-67
[cliv] Karhausen LR op cit No 150.
[clv] Karhausen LR op cit No 150.
[clvi] Koopman J. op cit No 33.
[clvii] Schoental R. op cit No 129, 130.
[clviii] Minuth W. op cit No 106.
[clix] Szametz R. op cit No 54.
[clx] Szametz R. op cit No 54.
[clxi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[clxii] Steptoe, A. Mozart's personality and creativity. In: Wolfgang Amade Mozart: Essays on his life and music. Sadie S., ed. Oxford England): Oxford University Press; 1996
[clxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16
[clxiv] Droste. Psychische Abnormalitäten grosser Männer. Correspondenz-Blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und gerichtliche Psychologie. 1855; 2: 65-70, 1855 and 1856; 3: 10.
[clxv] BD 599, 26-5-1781
[clxvi] Autexier PA. op cit No 37.
[clxvii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16
[clxviii] Bittner G. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Die Erziehung eines Genie. In: Lipp W, ed. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Genie und Musik. Würzburg (Germany): Ergon Verlag. 1992: 27-68.
[clxix] Engl JE. W.A. Mozart in der Schilderung seiner Biographen, in seiner körperlichen Erscheinung im Leben und im Bilde, mit Mitteilungen. Aus dem Salzburger Mozart-Album. Salzburg (Austria): H. Kerber; 1887.
[clxx] Solomon M. Mozart. A Life. New York (NY): Harper Collins; 1995
[clxxi] Lange-Eichbaum W and Kurth W. Genie, Irrsinn und Ruhm. Band 2. Die Komponisten. München (Germany): Ernst Reinhardt Verlag;1986.
[clxxii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[clxxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[clxxiv] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[clxxv] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[clxxvi] Solomon M. op cit No 170.
[clxxvii] Friedman EH. Mozart’s subdural hematoma. Neurol. 1994; 44 (12): 247.
[clxxviii] Fitzgerald M. The genesis of creativity: Asperger’s syndrome and the arts. London (England): Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2007.
[clxxix] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[clxxx] Simkin B. The case for Mozart’s affliction with Tourette’s syndrome. Journal of the Conductors’ Guild. 1991; 12 (1&2): 50-64.
[clxxxi] Fog R. Havde Mozart Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrom ? Astra-Draco Information. 1987; 8-12.
[clxxxii] Gélineau. Les épileptiques célèbres. Chronique Médicale. 1900; 7 (18): 545-557.
[clxxxiii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[clxxxiv] Kerner D. Die Kontroverse um Mozarts Tod. Carpanis Verteidigung Salieris. Ärzteblatt Rheinland-Pfalz. 1970; January, March, May, and June: 1-24.
[clxxxv] Darieux D. La phobie du petit Mozart. Mozart-Jahrbuch 1998. Kassel (Germany): Barenreiter; 2000, 153-213.
[clxxxvi] Sederholm CG. op cit No 34.
[clxxxvii]Engström T. Zu dem angeblichen Mozarts-Porträt. Acta Mozartiana. 1982; 29:29-30.
[clxxxviii] Blodi FC. Was Mozart cross-eyed ? Arch Ophtalmol. 1981; 99 (5):823
[clxxxix]Nissen GN. op cit No 85.
[cxc] BD 433, 28-2 ; BD 1 / 2-3, 1778
[cxci] Werner AJ. op cit No 65.
[cxcii] Bernardi, L. Mozart duro d’orecchio. Oggi. Roma vol 40, n°38, 19 Settembre 1984, pp. 84-86
[cxciii] Werner AJ. Op cit No 65.
[cxciv] BD 12-1763; BD 02-1764; BD 01-1770
[cxcv] BD 16-2-1764
[cxcvi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16
[cxcvii] BD 1-8-1765
[cxcviii] BD 16-2-1764
[cxcix] BD 16-2-1764; BD 15-11-1765
[cc] Franken FH. op cit No 9.
[cci] BD 05-1783; BD 08-1765; BD 22-02-1778; BD 15-09-1771
[ccii] Bär C. Mozart Zahnkrankheiten. Acta Mozartiana. 1963; 3: 47-54.
[cciii] Bär C. op cit No 202.
[cciv] Bär C. op cit No 202.
[ccv] Bär C. op cit No 202.
[ccvi] Bär C. op cit No 202.
[ccvii] BD 30-10-1762; BD 28-04-1770; BD 17-11-1770; BD 04-1790
[ccviii] Franken FH. op cit No 9.
[ccix] Autexier PA. op cit No 37.
[ccx] Franken FH. op cit No 9.
[ccxi] Arolson. In: Lange-Eichbaum W and Kurth W. Genie, Irrsinn und Ruhm. Band 2. Die Komponisten. München (Germany): Ernst Reinhardt Verlag;1986.
[ccxii] Wheater M. op cit No 5.
[ccxiii] Holz H. op cit No 110.
[ccxiv] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[ccxv] Holz H. op cit No 110.
[ccxvi] Gerber PH. Mozart’s Ohr. Dtsch Med Wochenschr.1898; 24 (22) 351-52.
[ccxvii] Puech PF, Tichy G, and Puech B. Craniofacial dysmorphism in Mozart's skull. J of Forensic Science. 1989. 34 (2): 487-490.
[ccxviii] Neumayr A. op cit No 13.
[ccxix] Autexier PA. op cit No 37.
[ccxx] Kerner D. Krankheiten grosser Musiker. Stuttgart (Germany): Scatthauer; 1986.
[ccxxi] Minuth W. op cit No 106.
[ccxxii] Bär C. op cit No 28.
[ccxxiii] Lombroso C. L’uomo di genio in rapporto alla psichiatria, alla storia ed all’estetica. vol 2.Torino: Bocca. 1894. Roma (Italy): Napoleone Editore s.r.l.; 1971.
[ccxxiv] Heine EW. op cit No 17.
[ccxxv] Nissen GN. op cit No 85.
[ccxxvi] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[ccxxvii] BD 19-05-1770; BD 05-1778; BD 08-1790.
[ccxxviii] Nissen GN. op cit No 85.
[ccxxix] Rochlitz. In: Leitzmann A. Wofgang Amadeus Mozart. Berichte der Zeitgenossen und Briefe. Leipzig (Germany): Insel-Verlag; 1926.
[ccxxx] BD 152; 7-1-70.
[ccxxxi] Ludewig R. op cit No 84.
[ccxxxii] Davies PJ. op cit No 16.
[ccxxxiii] Solomon M. op cit No 170.
[ccxxxiv] Solomon M. op cit No 170.
